The Chola dynasty, one of the most powerful empires in South Indian history, developed a sophisticated navy that enabled them to dominate trade and military operations across the Indian Ocean. Below is a detailed description of each type of vessel used during the Chola period, including their dimensions, purposes, and two image prompts for each: one artistic representation and one realistic depiction.
1. Sangara
The Sangara was a medium to large twin-hulled vessel inspired by catamaran designs, offering excellent stability and speed. It was primarily used for coastal navigation and short-distance transportation of goods and soldiers. These versatile ships were essential for ferrying troops to larger warships or transporting cargo like spices, textiles, and other commodities between ports. Its design reflected a blend of practicality and innovation, making it a vital part of the Chola maritime fleet.
2. Colandia
The Colandia was a massive ocean-going vessel designed for long-distance voyages to Southeast Asia and China. Measuring over 50 meters in length, these ships were equipped to carry large quantities of cargo such as textiles, spices, and precious metals. They were also used for diplomatic missions and cultural exchanges, showcasing the Chola Empire’s maritime prowess on an international scale.
3. Kattumaram
The Kattumaram was a small raft-like vessel made from logs tied together using ropes or natural fibers. Typically measuring 10–20 feet in length, it was primarily used for fishing or short-distance transport along coastal areas. These simple yet effective vessels were also employed to ferry goods or personnel from shorelines to larger ships anchored offshore.
4. Kalamukha
The Kalamukha was a medium-sized warship designed for naval combat and coastal assaults. Measuring around 30–40 meters in length, it featured reinforced hulls for durability during battles and was equipped with battering rams to breach enemy defenses. These ships carried armed warriors who specialized in boarding enemy vessels during engagements.
5. Thirisadai
The Thirisadai was the largest battleship in the Chola navy, heavily armored and capable of carrying up to 400 marines at once. These formidable vessels were designed to engage multiple targets simultaneously during naval warfare and served as flagships during military campaigns.
